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3.
Clin. biomed. res ; 39(1): 9-14, 2019.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1026040

ABSTRACT

Introdução: A contaminação de praças ou ambientes de recreação por ovos de geohelmintos constitui um problema de saúde pública. O solo, com relação aos helmintos parasitas se comporta como um hospedeiro intermediário. Recebe fezes ou água contaminada por parasitas em estágios não infectantes, oferecendo-lhes condições para o desenvolvimento e protege os parasitas em estágios infectantes durante certo tempo para, posteriormente, transmiti-lo ao homem. O objetivo é verificar a ocorrência e a contaminação ambiental por parasitas com potencial zoonótico no solo de escolas infantis em dois municípios do Rio Grande do Sul. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo delineamento transversal, observacional e descritivo. A coleta foi através de amostras de areia em dez escolas de dois municípios, as coletas do material foram de cinco pontos diferentes, tanto da profundidade quanto da superfície, totalizando-se 100 amostras analisadas. As amostras de areia foram processadas em laboratório através dos métodos de Rugai e Hoffman, Pons e Janer. Resultados: Análise total (N=100) dos dois municípios, totalizando 50 amostras de cada. A contaminação das areias, por ovos de Ancylostoma spp., foi de 54% (n=27) no município I, sendo encontrados 56% (n=28) na cidade II. Conclusão: A ocorrência de ovos de Ancylostoma spp. no ambiente de recreação enfatiza a importância da adoção de medidas restritivas rígidas que impeçam a entrada de animais, como cães e gatos em locais de lazer. Além desses parasitas serem capazes de comprometer a saúde de humanos e infectar outros animais. (AU)


Introduction: Contamination of squares or recreational environments with geohelminth eggs is a public health problem. The soil serves as an intermediate host to helminths. It receives feces or water contaminated with parasites in non-infective stages, providing them with conditions for development, and protects parasites in infective stages for some time and then transmits them to humans. The aim was to investigate the occurrence of environmental contamination with parasites with zoonotic potential in the soil of nursery schools in two municipalities of Rio Grande do Sul state. Methods: A cross-sectional, observational and descriptive study was conducted. Soil samples were collected at ten schools in two municipalities, from five different school sites in terms of both depth and surface. Soil samples were processed at a laboratory using the methods of Rugai and Hoffman, Pons and Janer. Results: In total, 100 samples from the two municipalities were analyzed, 50 samples each. Soil contamination with Ancylostoma spp. eggs was 54% (n=27) in city I and 56% (n=28) in city II. Conclusions: The occurrence of Ancylostoma spp. eggs in recreational environments shows the importance of adopting strict restrictive measures to prevent animals, such as dogs and cats, from entering leisure areas. Also, these parasites may compromise human health and infect other animals. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Helminthiasis/prevention & control , Helminthiasis/epidemiology , Larva Migrans/epidemiology , Child Day Care Centers , Child Rearing , Ancylostoma/pathogenicity
4.
Rev. panam. salud pública ; 41: e143, 2017. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-961626

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Objetivo Caracterizar las publicaciones relacionadas con los determinantes sociales del parasitismo intestinal, la desnutrición y la anemia en el ámbito mundial. Métodos Se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura científica en Pubmed, Science Direct, SciELO, LILACS y Google Scholar con ocho estrategias de búsqueda, garantizando exhaustividad y reproducibilidad en las fases de la guía PRISMA. Resultados Se incluyeron 18 estudios en malnutrición, 3 en parasitismo, 3 en anemia y 2 evaluaron simultáneamente parasitosis y desnutrición; 65,4% de Suramérica y 69,2% fueron realizados en niños. La prevalencia en parasitismo intestinal osciló entre 30,6% y 83,3%; en anemia de 19,7% a 48,0%; y en desnutrición de 0,0% a 67,8%. Se halló una mayor frecuencia de análisis de determinantes biológicos o psicosociales, los determinantes intermedios más estudiados se relacionan con la vivienda y los ingresos, y los estructurales fueron los menos investigados. Los determinantes sociales comunes a los tres eventos incluyen: vivir en hogares sin condiciones sanitarias, zona rural, características inadecuadas de la vivienda, provisión inadecuada de agua, barreras de acceso al sistema médico, bajo nivel educativo y edad de los padres, empleo precario y bajos ingresos. Conclusión La mayoría de publicaciones no desarrollan un análisis multinivel para los determinantes individuales, intermedios o estructurales. Se requieren mayores esfuerzos en políticas sanitarias relacionadas con el abordaje de los determinantes sociales de las desigualdades en parasitismo, desnutrición y anemia, principalmente en categorías como las políticas macroeconómicas, clase social, mercado de trabajo, cultura, valores y territorio.


ABSTRACT Objective Characterize the publications on social determinants of intestinal parasitism, malnutrition, and anemia at the global level. Methods A systematic review was conducted of the scientific literature in Pubmed, Science Direct, SciELO, LILACS, and Google Scholar with eight search strategies, guaranteeing completeness and replicability, following the phases of the PRISMA guidelines. Results The review included 18 studies on malnutrition, three on parasitism, three on anemia, and two on both parasitism and malnutrition; 65.4% of the studies were from South America and 69.2% were carried out among children. The prevalence of intestinal parasitism ranged between 30.6% and 83.3%; anemia, 19.7% to 48.0%; and malnutrition, 0.0% to 67.8%. It was found that biological and psychosocial determinants were most frequently studied; the most frequently studied intermediate determinants were related to housing and income; and structural determinants were least investigated. The social determinants common to the three conditions include: living in homes with poor sanitary conditions, rural areas, inadequate housing, inadequate water supply, access barriers to the medical system, young parents with little schooling, precarious employment, and low income. Conclusion The majority of publications do not conduct a multilevel analysis for individual, intermediate, or structural determinants. Greater efforts are needed in health policies that address the social determinants of inequality with respect to parasitism, malnutrition, and anemia, mainly in categories as macroeconomic policy, social class, labor market, culture, values, and territory.


RESUMO Objetivo Descrever as publicações internacionais relacionadas aos determinantes sociais de parasitismo intestinal, desnutrição e anemia. Métodos Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática da literatura científica nas bases de dados PubMed, Science Direct, SciELO, LILACS e Google Scholar seguindo oito estratégias de busca para assegurar a completude e a reprodutibilidade nas fases do método PRISMA. Resultados Foram selecionados para a revisão 18 artigos sobre desnutrição, 3 sobre parasitismo intestinal, 3 sobre anemia e 2 sobre parasitismo e desnutrição. Destes estudos, 65,4% foram conduzidos na América do Sul e 69,2% em crianças. A prevalência de parasitismo intestinal variou entre 30,6% e 83,3%, de anemia entre 19,7% e 48,0% e de desnutrição entre 0 e 67,8%. A análise de determinantes biológicos ou psicossociais foi a mais frequentemente observada nos estudos, sendo os determinantes intermediários relacionados às condições de moradia e ao nível de renda os mais estudados e os determinantes estruturais os menos pesquisados. Entre os determinantes sociais comuns às três afecções destacam-se: viver em domicílios sem saneamento básico, viver na zona rural, condições inadequadas de moradia, abastecimento de água inadequado, barreiras de acesso aos serviços de saúde, baixa escolaridade, pais jovens, trabalho precário e baixo nível de renda. Conclusão A maioria de publicações não apresenta uma análise multinível dos determinantes individuais, intermediários ou estruturais. Faz-se necessário investir mais esforços em políticas de saúde direcionadas aos determinantes sociais das desigualdades em saúde relativas a parasitismo intestinal, desnutrição e anemia, sobretudo no que se refere a políticas macroeconômicas, condição social, mercado de trabalho, contexto cultural, valores e área geográfica.


Subject(s)
Malnutrition , Social Determinants of Health/statistics & numerical data , Helminthiasis/prevention & control , Anemia
6.
La Habana; Editorial Ciencias Médicas; 2016. 174 p. ilus, tab.
Monography in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-972170

ABSTRACT

La ascariosis encabeza la lista de las enfermedades tropicales desatendidas. Las geohelmintosis afectan a 2 000 millones de personas, aproximadamente la tercera parte de la población mundial. De estas, unos 300 millones sufren de formas clínicas graves y unas 155 mil mueren anualmente por causas atribuibles a esas parasitosis. Sin embargo, los motivos para propiciar un mejor conocimiento sobre el diagnóstico, tratamiento y control de las geohelmintosis no se agotan en esas cifras. Otras dos aristas de esas parasitosis se debeb tener en cuenta: su significativa contribución a la perpetuación de la pobreza en los paises donde son endémicas, al deteriorar el crecimiento y desarrollo cognoscitivo infantil y reducir la capacidad de trabajo de sus adultos, y la habilidad de los helmintos para modular las respuestas inmunitarias del hospedero. El libro está dirigido, en primer lugar, a los profesionales relacionados con el diagnóstico, tratamiento y control de las geohelmintosis, en general, y de la ascariosis, en particular. Los autores, investigadores del Instituto de Medicina Tropical Pedro Kouri, proponen un conocimiento más actualizado sobre estos temas y simplificaciones operativas más armónicas con el pensamiento médico contempóraneo y las evidencias experimentales de hoy...


Subject(s)
Humans , Communicable Diseases , Helminths , Ascariasis , Ascaris , Parasitology , Helminthiasis/prevention & control
8.
Arq. ciênc. vet. zool. UNIPAR ; 17(2): 115-119, abr.-jun.2014. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-758555

ABSTRACT

O consumo de verduras in natura pode ser um meio de transmissão de vários parasitos. Este estudo teve como objetivo a avaliação parasitológica de amostras de verduras comercializadas em supermercados e feiras-livres no município de Umuarama – PR. Um total de 48 amostras de alface, 40 de couve, 40 de almeirão e 20 de rúcula foram coletadas, com um total de 20 (13,5%) de positivos para Toxocara (5,4%), Ascaris (5,4%), Hymenolepis nana (1,4%), Entamoeba coli (0,7%) e Taenia (0,7%)...


The consumption of fresh vegetables can be a means of transmission of several parasites. This study aims to assess the presence of enteroparasites in samples of vegetables sold in supermarkets and street markets in the city of Umuarama-PR, Brazil. A total of 48 samples of lettuce, 40 samples of cabbage, 40 of curly endive and 20 of rucola were collected, with 20 (13.5%) being positive, for Toxocara (5.4%), for Ascaris (5.4%), for Hymenolepis nana (1.4%), for Entamoeba coli (0.7%) and for Taenia (0.7%)...


El consumo de verduras in natura puede ser un medio de transmisión de varios parásitos. Este estudio ha tenido como objetivo la evaluación parasitológica de muestras de verduras comercializadas en supermercados y ferias libres en el municipio de Umuarama-PR. Un total de 48 muestras de lechuga, 40 de col, 40 de achicoria y 20 de rúcala, han sido recogidas, con un total de 20 (13,5%) de positivos para Toxocara (5,4%), Ascaris (5,4%), Hymenolepis nana (1,4%), Entamoeba coli (0,7%) y Taenia (0,7%)...


Subject(s)
Animals , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/diagnosis , Helminthiasis/diagnosis , Helminthiasis/prevention & control , Vegetables/parasitology
10.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 89(3): 250-255, maio-jun. 2013. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-679304

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Descrever a prevalência de infecção filarial e de parasitoses intestinais em escolares numa área endêmica de filariose e refletir sobre a opção terapêutica utilizada no Brasil no tratamento coletivo para filariose. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal envolvendo 508 alunos na faixa etária de 5-18 anos cadastrados em escolas públicas do município de Olinda-PE. Realizou-se a investigação da parasitose intestinal em três amostras de fezes, analisadas pelo método de Hoffmann, Pons e Janer. A investigação filarial foi feita com teste antigênico pela técnica de imunocromatográfica rápida (ICT) e pesquisa de microfilárias, utilizando filtração em membrana de policarbonato. Para análise de dados utilizou-se a estatística descritiva através do programa EpiInfo versão 7. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de filariose por ICT foi de 13,8% e por microfilaremia de 1,2%, enquanto a de parasitoses intestinais foi 64,2%. A concomitância do diagnóstico filarial e de parasitoses intestinais foi de 9,4% e, 31,5% eram isentos de ambas as parasitoses. Entre os indivíduos com parasitoses intestinais, 55% eram monoparasitados e 45% poliparasitados. A presença de geohelmintos ocorreu em 72,5% dos parasitados. No grupo com infecção filarial a ocorrência de geohelmintíase foi de 54,5%. CONCLUSÕES: O diagnóstico simultâneo de infecção filarial e parasitose intestinal, bem como a elevada frequência de geohelmintos justificam uma reavaliação da estratégia terapêutica do tratamento coletivo no programa de filariose no Brasil.


OBJECTIVE: To report the prevalence of lymphatic filariasis and intestinal parasitic infections in school-aged children living in a filariasis endemic area and discuss about the therapeutic regimen adopted in Brazil for the large-scale treatment of filariasis. METHODS: A cross-sectional study including 508 students aged 5-18 years old, enrolled in public schools within the city of Olinda, Pernambuco. The presence of intestinal parasites was analyzed using the Hoffman, Pons and Janer method on 3 stool samples. The diagnosis of filarial infection was performed using the rapid immunochromatographic technique (ICT) for the antigen, and the polycarbonate membrane filtration for the presence of microfilariae. Descriptive statistics of the data was performed using EpiInfo version 7. RESULTS: The prevalence of filariasis was 13.8% by ICT and 1.2% by microfilaraemia, while intestinal parasites were detected in 64.2% of cases. Concurrent diagnosis of filariasis and intestinal parasites was 9.4%, while 31.5% of students were parasite-free. Among individuals with intestinal parasites, 55% had one parasite and 45% had more than one parasite. Geohelminths occurred in 72.5% of the parasited individuals. In the group with filarial infection the prevalence of soil-transmitted helminthiasis was 54.5%. CONCLUSIONS: The simultaneous diagnosis of filariasis and intestinal parasites as well as the high frequency of geohelminths justify the need to reevaluate the treatment strategy used in the Brazilian filariasis large-scale treatment program.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Animals , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Elephantiasis, Filarial/epidemiology , Feces/parasitology , Helminthiasis/epidemiology , Neglected Diseases/epidemiology , Soil/parasitology , Anthelmintics/administration & dosage , Brazil/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Drug Therapy, Combination/methods , Drug Therapy, Combination , Elephantiasis, Filarial/prevention & control , Filtration/methods , Helminthiasis/prevention & control , Helminthiasis/transmission , Chromatography, Affinity/methods , Membranes, Artificial , Microfilariae/immunology , Neglected Diseases/prevention & control , Prevalence , Students/statistics & numerical data
11.
Rev. medica electron ; 35(1): 25-37, ene.-feb. 2013.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-665721

ABSTRACT

Mucho se ha avanzado a escala global en el manejo de las infecciones parasitarias y en particular aquellas producidas por helmintos intestinales; sin embargo, persiste la idea de su relativa inocuidad y fácil manejo, por lo que el presente artículo pretende hacer un breve análisis de la situación actual de las helmintosis que afectan el aparato digestivo y sus vísceras anexas, enfatizando en su negativa influencia sobre el desarrollo humano. El desconocimiento genera mitos y los mitos malas prácticas que pudieran redundar en un aumento de la prevalencia e incidencia de esas infecciones a escala comunitaria.


At the global level, there have being many advances in the management of the parasitical infections and particularly of those caused by intestinal helminthes; nevertheless, the idea of their relative innocuousness and easy management persists and that is why the present article pretends to make a short analysis of the current situation of the helminthic infections affecting the digestive tract and its annexed viscera, emphasizing in its negative influence on the human development. The lack of knowledge generates myths, and myths generate bad practices that might turn out into an increase in the prevalence and incidence of these infections at the communitarian level.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Helminthiasis/prevention & control , Helminthiasis/transmission , Helminths/parasitology , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/prevention & control , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/transmission , Review Literature as Topic
14.
Bol. malariol. salud ambient ; 51(1): 41-50, jun. 2011. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-630455

ABSTRACT

Las infecciones por microorganismos gastrointestinales constituyen hoy en día una de las principales causas de morbilidad y mortalidad en países en vías de desarrollo. Nos planteamos como objetivo evaluar la posible asociación entre la presencia de parásitos intestinales y la infección por Helicobacter pylori, y el comportamiento de anticuerpos séricos y secretores en una población infantil de la etnia Warao del Edo. Delta Amacuro, Venezuela. La presencia de parásitos se determinó por examen microscópico directo de las heces. Los niveles séricos de IgE total, IgG anti H. pylori e IgA anti Giardia duodenalis; y los secretores IgA total y específica a G. duodenalis y H. pylori en muestra de saliva, se determinaron utilizando el método de ELISA. El 65% de los niños estaban parasitados por protozoarios, observándose un 47% de poliparasitismo. Encontramos una mayor seroprevalencia de H. pylori en el grupo de niños no parasitados (46%) comparado con los parasitados (25%) (P<0,05). Sin embargo, los niños seropositivos a H. pylori y parasitados con G. duodenalis mostraron niveles séricos de IgE total mayores que los no parasitados (P<0,01); en contraparte, los niveles de IgA secretora total y especifica a H. pylori y G. duodenalis estaban disminuidos (P<0,05). Es posible que la respuesta inflamatoria generada por Giardia pueda aumentar los niveles de IgE total y disminuir la respuesta de IgA secretora favoreciendo la instauración de la infección por H. pylori.


The infections for gastrointestinal microorganisms represent nowadays one of the major reasons of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. We had evaluated both, the possible association between the presence of intestinal parasites and infection by Helicobacter pylori, and the production of serum and salivary antibodies in Amerindian Warao children from the Orinoco Delta, Venezuela. The prevalence of parasites was determined by faecal examination. The levels of serum antibodies (total IgE, specific anti- H. pylori IgG and anti G. duodenalis IgA) and salivary antibodies (total and specific IgA to G. duodenalis and H. pylori), was determined by ELISA. 65% of the child population was parasitized by protozoos, and a 47% of polyparasitism was observed. We found a major seroprevalence of H. pylori in the group of children not parasitized (46 %) compared with the parasitized ones (25 %) (P<0.05). Nevertheless, the seropositive children to H. pylori and parasitized with G. duodenalis showed levels of total IgE higher than the non parasitized ones (P<0.01); in contrast, levels of total and specific secretory IgA to H. pylori and G. duodenalis were decreased (P<0.05). It is possible that the inflammatory response generated by G. duodenalis infection may increase levels of total IgE and diminish secretory IgA response favoring the establishment of infection by H. pylori.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Helicobacter pylori/growth & development , Helicobacter pylori/pathogenicity , Helicobacter pylori/virology , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/complications , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/diagnosis , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/ethnology , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/parasitology , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/pathology , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/virology , Helminthiasis/diagnosis , Helminthiasis/epidemiology , Helminthiasis/ethnology , Helminthiasis/microbiology , Helminthiasis/parasitology , Helminthiasis/pathology , Helminthiasis/prevention & control
15.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 44(1): 91-96, Jan.-Feb. 2011. graf, mapas
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-579839

ABSTRACT

INTRODUÇÃO: A esquistossomose é endêmica no Brasil, com elevada prevalência no Estado de Sergipe, apesar da existência do Programa de Controle da Esquistossomose (PCE). MÉTODOS: Foi realizado levantamento de dados do PCE-Sergipe de 2005 a 2008. A partir da matriz bruta formulou-se planilha de dados no software Access e analisou-se frequência e distribuição geográfica das infecções por Schistosoma mansoni e outros enteroparasitos. Estes dados foram exportados para o software Spring 5.0.5 para georreferenciamento e confecção de mapas temáticos de distribuição espacial e temporal por ano de avaliação. RESULTADOS: Foram positivos para S. mansoni 13,6 por cento (14471/106287) de exames nos anos de 2005, 11,2 por cento (16196/145069) em 2006, 11,8 por cento (10220/86824) em 2007 e 10,6 por cento (8329/78859) em 2008. A análise de mapas mostrou elevada prevalência da doença em Sergipe, em particular nos municípios Ilha das Flores, Santa Rosa de Lima, Santa Luzia do Itanhi e São Cristóvão. Além disso, avaliamos a associação entre as frequências dessas doenças parasitárias com indicadores sociais e de desenvolvimento dos diferentes municípios, de acordo com os dados do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) e da Superintendência de Recursos Hídricos (SRH). Observamos que os municípios com prevalência da esquistossomose maior do que 15 por cento têm menor concentração de rede de esgotos (índice de higiene); p = 0,05. Adicionalmente, os municípios com prevalência de infecção por ancilostomídeos maior do que 10 por cento apresentam um menor IDH educacional; p = 0,04. CONCLUSÕES: Ressalta-se a importância de maior controle dos fatores de risco ambientais e educacionais, na tentativa de reduzir prevalências dessas doenças parasitárias.


INTRODUCTION: Schistosomiasis is endemic in Brazil, with high prevalence in the State of Sergipe, despite the existence of the Schistosomiasis Control Program (PCE). METHODS: The data from Sergipe's PCE between 2005 and 2008 were surveyed. From the raw information, a database was created on a spreadsheet using the Access software. The frequency and geographic distribution of infections due to Schistosoma mansoni and other intestinal parasites were analyzed. These data were exported to the Spring 5.0.5 software for georeferencing and preparation of thematic maps of the spatial and temporal distribution according to year of evaluation. RESULTS: In 2005, 13.6 percent (14,471/106,287) of the tests were positive for S. mansoni, 11.2 percent (16,196/145,069) in 2006, 11.8 percent (10,220/86,824) in 2007 and 10.6 percent (8,329/78,859) in 2008. Analysis on the maps showed that there was high prevalence of the disease in Sergipe, and particularly in the municipalities of Ilha das Flores, Santa Rosa de Lima, Santa Luzia do Itanhi and São Cristóvão. Furthermore, we evaluated the association between the frequencies of these parasitic diseases and social and developmental indicators in the different municipalities, according to data from the Brazilian Institute for Geography and Statistics (IBGE) and the Department of Water Resources (SRH). We found that municipalities with schistosomiasis prevalence higher than 15 percent had lower coverage of sewage systems (hygiene index) (p = 0.05). Additionally, municipalities with hookworm prevalence higher than 10 percent had lower educational HDI (p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: The importance of greater control over environmental risk and educational factors needs to be emphasized in attempts to reduce the prevalence of these parasitic diseases.


Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , National Health Programs , Schistosomiasis mansoni/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Geography , Helminthiasis/epidemiology , Helminthiasis/prevention & control , Parasite Egg Count , Prevalence , Program Evaluation , Risk Factors , Severity of Illness Index , Socioeconomic Factors , Schistosomiasis mansoni/prevention & control
16.
Rev. panam. salud pública ; 27(6): 414-422, jun. 2010. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-555982

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To determine 1) the degree of soil contamination by parasites; 2) the prevalence of contaminated samples; 3) the overall number of parasitic forms, by distance between the collection site and the domicile; 4) the mean number of parasite forms per peri-household area; and 5) the variables associated with the total number of parasite forms. METHODS: Soil samples were collected in the peridomicile of 18 (out of a total sample of 63) and 22 (out of 190) residences of the Faxinal and Ivaí indigenous territories (ITs), respectively, from March 2005 through October 2006, and evaluated by the methods of Baermann, modified Faust et al., and Lutz. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of samples contaminated by enteroparasites of humans or of animals with zoonotic potential was 75.7 percent (84 out of 111) in Faxinal and 96.2 percent (127 out of 132) in Ivaí. The most prevalent parasites were Ascaris spp., Isospora spp., and Toxocara spp. Positive statistical associations were observed between the number of parasitic forms per domicile and the following variables: time of year (season), the presence of bathrooms in the domicile, and the presence of excrement on peridomiciliar soil. CONCLUSIONS: The high level of soil contamination in Faxinal and Ivaí 1) constitutes a potential source of parasitic infection and 2) suggests that the treatment of human and animal excreta continues to be inadequate.


OBJETIVOS: Determinar: 1) el grado de contaminación parasitaria del suelo; 2) la prevalencia de muestras contaminadas; 3) el número general de formas parasitarias, en función de la distancia entre el sitio donde se tomaron las muestras y el domicilio; 4) el número promedio de formas parasitarias por área peridomiciliar y 5) las variables relacionadas con el número total de formas parasitarias. MÉTODOS: Se recogieron muestras del suelo de los alrededores de 18 (de una muestra total de 63) y 22 domicilios (de una muestra total de 190) situados en los territorios indígenas Faxinal e Ivaí, respectivamente, entre marzo del 2005 y octubre del 2006. Las muestras se evaluaron mediante los métodos propuestos por Baermann, Faust et al. (modificado) y Lutz. RESULTADOS: La prevalencia general de las muestras contaminadas por enteroparásitos humanos o animales que se consideraron de potencial zoonótico fue de 75,7 por ciento (84 de 111) en Faxinal y de 96,2 por ciento (127 de 132) en Ivaí. Las especies de parásitos más prevalentes fueron Ascaris, Isospora y Toxocara. Se observó una asociación estadística positiva entre el número de formas parasitarias halladas en los alrededores de cada domicilio y las siguientes variables: la época del año (estación), la existencia de baños domiciliarios y el hallazgo de excremento en el suelo peridomiciliar. CONCLUSIONES: La gran contaminación del suelo hallada en Faxinal e Ivaí constituye una posible fuente de infección parasitaria e indica que sigue siendo insuficiente el tratamiento de los excrementos de seres humanos y animales.


Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Parasites/isolation & purification , Soil Microbiology , Animals, Domestic/parasitology , Brazil/epidemiology , Feces/parasitology , Helminthiasis/epidemiology , Helminthiasis/prevention & control , Helminthiasis/transmission , Housing , Hygiene , Indians, South American , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/epidemiology , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/prevention & control , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/transmission , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/veterinary , Parasitic Diseases, Animal/epidemiology , Parasitic Diseases, Animal/prevention & control , Parasitic Diseases, Animal/transmission , Prevalence , Protozoan Infections/epidemiology , Protozoan Infections/prevention & control , Protozoan Infections/transmission , Sanitary Engineering
18.
Rio de Janeiro; s.n; 2010. 67 p. mapas, graf.
Thesis in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-587482

ABSTRACT

El problema de las parasitosis intestinales ocasionadas por geohelmintos es consideradomundialmente como un problema de salud pública. Frecuentemente, tratamientos antihelmínticos masivos y reiterados son utilizados como estrategia de control y prevención. Si bien pareciera existir un consenso respecto a las características que debentener este tipo de intervenciones, no sucede lo mismo con los esquemas de monitoreo y evaluación a ser utilizados para dar cuenta del impacto de esta estrategia en la salud de la población.Este trabajo tiene como objetivo discutir los diferentes esquemas empleados para el monitoreo y la evaluación de impacto de este tipo de intervenciones masivas y analizar los datos del Programa de control de geohelmintiasis implementado en la Argentina entre 2005 e 2007. A partir de una revisión de literatura sobre evaluación de Programas de control fue posible identificar cuatro tipos de estudios epidemiológicos posibles, cada uno con sus respectivas ventajas y limitaciones.Para el análisis de los datos del Programa implementado en Argentina se ajustó un modelo estadístico con el propósito de evaluar el impacto de la intervención. Este modelo estima de forma indirecta el impacto de la intervención a nivel de la comunidad, dadas las características del diseño de evaluación propuesto por el Programa. El análisis no permitió obtener conclusiones sobre la efectividad de la intervención debido a la pérdida de datos y, escaso nivel de reporte de información por parte de algunas provincias. No obstante, a la luz de las experiencias relevadas y el diseño de evaluación formulado por este Programa, esbozamos propuestas y recomendaciones para el diseño de futuras evaluaciones de Programas de control, tomando en consideración su contexto de aplicación.


Intestinal parasitosis caused by Geohelminths is considered a public health problem worldwide. Control and prevention strategies include massive and repeated antihelminth treatment, frequently. Though consensus about the characteristics of these types of actionsappears to exist, it is not the same with monitoring and evaluation schemes used to inform about the impact of this strategy on people’s health. The aim of this paper is to discuss the different schemes used to monitor and evaluate the impact of this type of massive interventions and to analyze the data of the “Geohelminthiasis Control Program” implemented in Argentina between 2005 and 2007. After a literature review on control program’s evaluation four possible types of epidemiological studies were possible to identified, each with their own advantages andlimitations. To analyze the data of the implemented Program in Argentina a statistical model was adjusted in order to evaluate intervention impact. Given the evaluation design characteristics proposed by the Program, this model calculates indirectly the impact of theintervention at a community level. The analysis did not allow to arrive to any conclusions about the effectiveness of the intervention due to loss of data and low level information report on behalf of some provinces. However, in the light of the surveyed experiences and the evaluation design developed by this Program, we outline proposals and recommendations for the design of future evaluation control Programs, taking into account its application context.


Subject(s)
Humans , Parasitic Diseases/diagnosis , Parasitic Diseases/epidemiology , Parasitic Diseases/etiology , Parasitic Diseases/therapy , Epidemiologic Studies , Health Education , Helminthiasis/prevention & control , Program Evaluation , Sanitation , Anthelmintics , Argentina , Cohort Studies
19.
Iranian Journal of Public Health. 2009; 38 (3): 31-38
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-101216

ABSTRACT

The prevalence and intensity of soil-transmitted helminth infections and the anthropogenic risk factors of 978 randomly selected primary school children from Igbede community in Isoko South Local Government Area of Delta State Southern Nigeria were evaluated. Subjects were screened for the presence of STH using direct smear method and kato-katz techniques. This study was conducted between April and December, 2007 and comprised of 516 [52.76%] males and 462 [47.24%] females between the age of 5 and 13 years. Nine hundred and seven [92.745] of the subjects were infected by soil-transmitted helminthes [STH]. The overall prevalence by species was Ascaris lumbricoides [76.89%], Hookworm [54.60%] and Trichuris Trichiura [29.245]. Three hundred and eight two [39.40%] were infected with two or more STH. The prevalence and intensity of all species of STH significantly varied with age [P<0.05], with highest prevalence in age group 5-7 years. The sex related prevalence showed that males were more infected for all species of STH than females, but this was only statistically significant for hookworm [P<0.05]. multiple logistic regression analysis for the epidemiological variable showed that walking barefoot was the only risk factor for hookworm infection while licking of fingers as well as drinking from well and surface tank was risk factors for A. lumbricoides and t. trichiura infections. Considering the high prevalence of STH observed from this study, establishment of sustainable and regular deworming programme in the community coupled with health education messages on good hygienic practices are highly essential


Subject(s)
Humans , Helminthiasis/transmission , Soil/parasitology , Hygiene/education , Random Allocation , Helminthiasis/prevention & control
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